A Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Report - Essay Example The eight chain model precisely exemplifies the supportive nature of system distortion at the same time calling for only two material constraints, an original modulus and restrictive chain extensibility. Due to the fact that these two constraints are mechanistically connected to the physical science of molecular network placement concerned with the distortion of rubber, the suggested model characterizes an unassuming and precise constitutive model of rubber distortion. The document also suggests that the network extension in this system model decreases to a figure that is the mean square root of the primary functional stretches due to efficiently sampling eight placements of primary stretch space. The outcomes of the suggested eight chain model and also those of a number of the noticeable models are likened to investigational data of Treloar exemplifying the dominance, straightforwardness and prognostic capability of the suggested model. Furthermore, a fresh set of tests and trials which bring out the state of distortion reliance of rubber is outlined and done on three materials made of rubber. This eight chain model is set up to model and forecast precisely the performance of the three tested rubber materials additionally approving its dominance and usefulness over previous reproductions. Ellen M. Arruda, Mary C. Boyce. A three-dimensional constitutive model for the large stretch behavior of rubber elastic materials. The Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.August 2002.

Virtualisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Virtualisation - Essay Example Due to this fact, even very small data centers are forced to deploy many servers though they can never operate at 100% efficiency (Costas, 2006). These servers tend to operate at just 5-15% of capacity and by any given standard this is considered to be highly inefficient. Virtualization therefore can be described as the most effective way that is used to reduce the expenses relating to IT in small as well as medium sized businesses. Virtualization also boosts efficiency as well as the agility of the businesses. Costas further goes ahead to describe how virtualization software solves this problem and this is through ensuring that several software and applications are enabled to run on one physical server also referred to as the host. In order for this to successfully take place, each of the self-contained virtual machines are isolated from all the others. The self-contained server machine is then set to use much of the hosts’ computing resources that it needs in order for its operations to be effective. Further in his book, Costas goes ahead to discuss the benefits that are achieved from server virtualization. First, there is greater utilization of every server up to 80%. As a result, each server is separated from the others and; thus, increases the efficiency from 15% to 80%. Deploying many servers in one place at the same time tends to reduce the efficiency of their operations. The second benefit associated with virtualization is reduction in hardware requirements by a ratio of up to 10:1. This is a very high ratio and the benefits of efficiency that will result from the reduction of hardware will be very beneficial to the particular business (Costas, 2006). Another benefit associated with virtualization software is the fact that capital and operations expenses are cut into half. As discussed earlier we saw that organizations that do not employ virtualization software tend to use most of their profit back to processing rather than focusing it on

American Literature 17th-19th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Literature 17th-19th Century - Essay Example Tom Paine’s in his literary work the â€Å"Rights of Man† described King George as a â€Å"royal brute.† In the first part of the book, Paine attacks the whole essence of monarchy. Unlike his colleague Burke, Paine insists that each society has the privilege to establish a solid foundation of their own government without the consistent oppression of a monarch. Paine attacks King George III from all angles as he considers King George to be an â€Å"unfit leader† in many aspects. First and foremost is the fact that he used the colonist’s tax money to fund his poor decisions as a King but also to pay for his son’s misfortunes. Paine elaborately describes this dilemma as he states, â€Å"The burden of the national debt consists not in its being so many millions, or so many hundred millions, but in the quantity of taxes collected every year to pay the interest. If this quantity continue the same, the burden of the national debt is the same to all intents and purposes, be the capital more or less† (Paine, 20). Clearly, he is irate at the fact that the colonists have to atone for the burden for the King’s self-pursuit interests. According to his perspective, the King wanted to "keep the rebels harassed, anxious, and poor, until the day when, by a natural and inevitable process, discontent and disappointment were converted into penitence and remorse† (Paine, 24). Paine’s point of emphasis continues to be the fact that government is for the living and not for the dead. Heredity power should be acquired through the choice of the people and is not heredity. Paine was one of the most prominent philosophers that dominated the philosophy scene in his era. One cannot ignore the fact that Paine was writing during an era where warfare plagued society. Clearly, Paine wanted to establish the fact the notion of commonwealth in this statement. In commonwealth, the notion a covenant is established. A covenant in

The American Workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The American Workforce - Essay Example The purpose of the study is to examine the correlation between age and job satisfaction among social workers in the Plainfield, Illinois School District 202.   Te correlation between age and job satisfaction shall be analysed in relation to a number of independent variables such as gender and ethnicity.     Notwithstanding the primary focus on age, other determinants of job satisfaction, such as pay, fringe benefits promotion opportunities and workload shall be looked at. The dissertation shall focus on the effect of age on job satisfaction among Illinois social workers, for determination of whether or not there exists a correlation between age and job satisfaction levels.   For the purposes of the proposed study, the research question is, â€Å"is there a correlation between job satisfaction and age among Illinois social workers, and does either gender or ethnicity interact with age to influence job satisfaction levels?†   The hypothesis for this study is, â€Å"there is no correlation between age and job satisfaction among social workers consequent to the fact that are no perceptible ageist practices in this particular work environment and, indeed, there is a marked tendency towards the greater appreciation of older social workers as age denotes experience.†Ã‚  The proposed study seeks the determination of whether or not there exists a correlation between age and social worker job satisfaction levels.   This is, in itself, a sign ificant aim for two reasons.  ... Despite a general recognition of the negative consequences of ageism, age discrimination is a risking problem in the American workplace. Mitchell (1993), Matcha (1997), Sicker (2002) and Smedley and Whitten (2006) concede that a wide array of societal factors incite ageism/age discrimination but the most important are the economic factors, especially those which hold that older workers are less productive and more costly to retain. In light of statistics forwarded by Dytchwald, Eriksson and Morrison (2006), the practice of ageism, as which would lead to a decrease in job satisfaction levels, hence motivation, is highly problematic. Figures for 2005 indicate that the older workforce has increased by 6.4 million over the past decade, two million individuals aged 50-74 are able to work and are seeking employment and that the number of men over the age of 50 who have decided to remain in the workforce has increased by 34% over the past decade (Dytchwald, Eriksson and Morrison, 2006). Apa rt from establishing the extent to which the American workforce has aged, the cited statistics are expressive of the magnitude of the problem which the economy faces should age be correlated to job satisfaction, on the one hand and should employees and co-workers exercise ageist practices as would negatively impact job satisfaction levels, on the other. Proceeding from within the framework of the above-stated, insofar as ageism is a predominant practice in the American workplace, and to the extent that the practice of ageism reduced job satisfaction levels, the consequences of both of the aforementioned shall be examined in relation to social workers (Goldberg, 2002). Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to examine the correlation between age and job

T-test results Essay Example for Free

T-test results Essay Factors in which Body Shop Exceeded Patrons’ Expectations. The following t-test of means of paired groups were significant at the . 01 level: Quality of the products, the customer service of the store personnel; the variety of product offerings in the store; the convenience of going to the store location; attractiveness of the packaging; the degree to which the product espouses â€Å"natural† rather than artificial; the values espoused by the company who sells the product. In all these items, Body Shop has exceeded the degree of importance attached by the respondent on the factor. Body Shop has to maintain its exemplary customer service in its stores, especially since the customer experience in the store forms part of the branding of Body Shop products. An often forgotten facet is the convenience of the store location, which also figured as a factor which exceeded the expectations of patrons. This may again be leveraged on for brand building. Consistent with the assertions of Kotler (2003), brand building involves a gamut of interdependent factors, which says everything about what Body Shop represents. This evidently includes the customer service received by the client when inside a Body Shop branch. He further asserts that customer service is perhaps the most important device for brand building. As this is a factor which has exceeded expectations of Body Shop patrons, it simply needs to maintain this asset to remain competitive. Exemplary customer service can breed loyalty among its clientele (Kotler 2003). Yet another factor which exceeded the expectations of patrons was the variety of cosmetic offerings by Body Shop. This is especially critical in the UK setting since women in Britain are the highest users of make-up in the whole Europe, about 93% of the population (Ending the Cosmetics 2008). In fact, the sales of cosmetics, toiletries and perfumes rose to 4. 1% from 3. 5%, giving the market a value of â‚ ¬64. 6bn (Montague-Jones 2008). Big names in the cosmetics industry dominate the market with L’Oreal leading the way. Variety is also a concern of the company. Since L’Oreal took over The Body Shop, the company is expected to stand out as it expands its product range to natural products (Euromonitor International 2008). This is again a facet which they can further leverage on for continued competitive advantage. Packaging is also a strength of Body Shop. It has successfully built a â€Å"green† brand and this is strongly reflective of its ‘natural’ packaging. The natural packaging of Body Shop logically tells patrons that the product has been made from natural or oganix ingredients. There is some anxiety over the accuracy of ‘natural’ and ‘organic’ labelling, although the results of the current research show that Body Shop is not in question. For instance, Paul Lieber, cosmetic chemist, expressed that physically possible for more 30-40% of the ingredients to be organic, unless its organic oil, for the simple reason that conventionally 60-70% of a product is water which cannot be certified organically grown. (Farlow 2006). Because there are no such ‘accusations’ of Body Shop products, there packaging and label information are perceived to be authentic and accurate. Moreover, Body Shop is also wary about indicating whether product may cause allerfic reactions. While other competitor brands struggle to promote an image of natural and being environmentally friendly, Body Shop has been at the forefront of the race. They always ensure that there is information on the front of the label about the health and safety of the ingredients inside the package (Farlow 2006). The foremost feature of Body Shop as a busines entity is the appeal of its noble thrusts or cause. This is attested to by the results of the survey, which suggest that it has exceeded expectations of clients in terms of the quality of their products and its natural appeal. These indicate that it has effectively used cause branding, an approach in branding where a company supports a cause to be able to increase profits or to set it apart from competitors (Ivy Cohen Corporate Communications 2007). It has gone into the league of such programmes as Avon Breast Cancer Crusade, ConAgra Foods’ Feeding Children Better Program, Reebok’s Human Rights Awards and Rockport’s Fitness Walking Program. While promotional activities are there only for the short term, cause marketing forms part of the brand, as a long-term initiative. They have been successful at making the Body Shop brand tantamount to caring for the environment and for promoting authentically natural products (Evergreen Partners 2005). Moreover, Body Shop has effectively promoted corporate social responsibility through its various community activities and environmental programmes. These various causes have helped spell its solid brand (Evergreen Partners 2005). The values of Body Shop have been instrumental in creating its successful brand, and the results of the current research have supported this. Not only has it been successful at creating a corporate brand, it has also been effective at creating a successful employer brand. VersantWorks (2008) asserts tht with the uptend in new resources such as technology, the core asset of any enterprise remains to be its manpower. Thus, as Body Shop competes with increasingly effective competitors, its must attract competent key people through its appeal as an employer. It must thus maintain its credible standing among its stakeholders current employees, potential hires, and previous staff about the company as place of work (Harris 2002), as Body Shop being a â€Å"great place to work†. This shall continually instill in them pride in being part of the company, engagement, and belongingness (VersantWorks 2008). This trend of advocating exemplary corporate values for creating an employer brand is expected to continue for Body Shop, with its acquisition by L’Oreal. The latter has in fact been nominated as among the Fast Moving Consumer Goods – FMCG Employer of Choice (Employer Profile 2008). It has also been espousing employee development explicitly through its website; they likewise offer a secure workplace, performance is given credit, a diverse culture, and where privacy and private life are valued (As An Employer 2008). What makes this strategy work for the company is because L’Oreal knows who it wanted to hire and focus the HR endeavor to accomplish the task (Klein 2008), something that they are likely to infuse further in Body Shop. Factors which Matched Patrons’ Expectations. There are no significant differences on the following items: brand; the degree to which the product is environment friendly; and positive feedback garnered from significant others. These suggest that Body Shop has met expectations of the respondents based on the degree of importance they have attached to each factor. Body Shop has matched its patrons expectations in terms of being a well known, globally acknowledged brand. Overall, they have not only raised awareness about their products, but have also been able to address the personal needs of their clientele (Lake 2003). They have been able to espouse a character to which the clients have related and associated themselves to (Klein 2008). In total, the opinions and interface of their customers with the Body Shop brand have been positive, and have allowed them to remain competitive (Lake 2003). Still among the reasons for their success if their effectiveness in building a corporate band. Body Shop has created brand loyalty where customers look for products under that company or under the Body Shop brand name (Crystal 2003). To this point, Body Shop continues to leverage on being an environmentally friendly enterprise, which is also one of the factors which matched the expectations of its patrons. Inf act, in collaboration with Adi Maimalaga Tafuna’i , executive director of Samoa’s NGO Women in Business Inc. , the Body Shop was instrumental with the launching of Samoa’s coconut oil to the world last year. September 2008, through the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, will be the launching of the organic standards for the agricultural produce in the Pacific regions, a cooperative work the NGO and New Zealand and Pacific expertise. Tafuna’i expresses complying with organic standards is always a major issue especially for agricultural exports and this undertaking will add value to the small quantities of agricultural produce for export (Radio New Zealand International 2008). Moreover, Body Shop promotes other advocacies apart from environmentalist. For example, it has commemorated International Friendship Day last August 3 by launching their For Me, For You shea butter lip care two-packs—a special edition launched late last month on July 28th —preservative-free balm retails for $15. All profits from each sale are donated to entities like Alice Housing through the Canadian Womens Foundation in support of its endeavor to help women and children who are victims of domestic violence (Webb-Campbell 2008). The women respondents in the present study have also expressed receiving positive feedback about the Body Shop brand from significant others. These results suggest that women are strongly influenced by reference groups, family, and role and status within the society. Moreover, a reference group could be a single person or a group of people that an individual consults when developing personal standards (Consumer Behavior 2008). These further indicate that their significant others’ expectations about Body Shop products have been met as well, and they were strongly influenced to adopt the same set of standards (Consumer Behavior – Social 2008). For instance officemates or friends show or introduce the latest trend, convincing their significant others that this good; consequently, purchase is impacted on by this feedback. In addition, Heath and Bryant (2000) suggested that when consumers buy things like cosmetics, they ask friends and family first prior to buying. The information and views expressed by these close relations have as much influence on whether the purchase will be made as the consumers’ own needs, inclinations and knowledge. Such is more applicable when a consumer is uncertan about what to buy; in such cases, they are likely to heed what they perceive as socially acceptable, especially by those who are significant to them (Heath Bryant 2000). Factors which Did not Match Patrons’ Expectations. In contrast, the following factors are those in which Body Shop did not quite meet client expectations based on the degree of importance they have assigned to each: competitive price of the product; trendiness or fashion sense represented by the product; and the sales promotions used for the product. Price, trendiness and sales promotions have to be beefed up further by Body Shop to be able to entice more clients and to maintain the loyalty of its patrons. While clients are willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products, clients are growing increasingly price-conscious. Moreover, while its popularity cannot be denied, it has still managed to elect a marketing entity to manage its affiliate marketing programmes in the UK. This suggests that it is still conscious about the need to further promote the products even if it has already gained a niche in the market. It has thus elected TradeDoubler, the pan-European digital marketing company, to exclusively oversee its trade marketing programme in the UK (e-Consultancy 2008).

Calculating Cargo Load

Calculating Cargo Load MV STC Bulk Carrier is a geared handy max bulk carrier with five holds and a DWT of 49500T (summer). SHIPS GENERAL PARTICULARS NAME: STC BULK CARRIER TYPE: BULK CARRIER DWT SUMMER:49500 T DISPALCEMENT SUMMER:57923TONNES DISPLACEMENT WINTER:56423TONNES NUMBER OF HOLDS:5 (ALL CAN CARRY HEAVY ORE ) CRANES:430 TONNES HEAVY WEATHER HOLD:NO 3 BALLAST PUMP CAPACITY:2x2000T/Hr CONSUMPTION: FO-32TONNES PER DAY DO-2TONNES PER DAY IN PORT FW-4TONNES PER DAY IN PORT AND AT SEA SEA SPEED:14 KNOTS The ship has received the voyage orders as follows: Discharge bulk sugar SF 1.224 m3/tonnes at Jubail using 3 vacuum discharge at a rate of 250t/hr per vacuum discharge Load maximum cargo of sulphur SF 0.87 m3/tonnes with 4 shore feeders at Sharjah.Maximum draft at Sharjha berth is 15 metres Vessel will receive the required bunkers for the voyage at Sharjah after cargo operation. DISTANCE FOR THE VOYAGES Distance Dar Es Salam to Jubail is 3744 Nm Distance Jubail to Sharjah is 373 Nm Distance Sharjah to Summer Load Line is 3210 Nm Distance Sharjah to Melbourne is 6490 Nm The vessel is presently in tropical zone and will be entering the summer zoneÂÂ   on its way to Melbourne , so cargo should ne loadedÂÂ   keeping in mind that the vessel should be at here summer marks an arrival at summer load line i.e zone allowance should be added to get the correct value of cargo to be loaded . This assignment covers a detail calculation on how to get the total amount of cargo to load when vessel will be entering from one zone to other and different loadicator conditions . ANSWER: Gather information relating to the cargo from the IMSBC, company procedure, flag state requirements. Check if the cargo is in group A, B, C Sulphur is in Group B and Group C. The IMSBC states that the group B cargo of sulphur cannot be carried in bulk so we will be carrying group C sulphur cargo. GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION OF HOLDS Tool box meeting to be carried out (MCA, 2016) Risk assessment to be carried out (MCA, 2016) Communication to be checked between the hold ,bridge and cargo control room (MCA, 2016) The cargo hold to be properly ventilated , gasses to be checked and a permit of work to be issued (MCA, 2016) (IMO, 2016) Dunnages to be removed if any. Bilges to be cleaned and dry (PI, 2002) Strum boxes, bilge covers, sounding pipes and thermometer pipes should be cleaned and not be defected Bilge suction of each hold to be tried out and bilges in good order (IMO, 2016) Bilges to be covered with burlap. The ventilation should be tried out Any damage in the cargo hold to be repaired (MCA, 2016) Hatch covers and entrance to the holds to be tried out for water tightness (PI, 2002) Hatch track ways to be cleaned (PI, 2002) All lighting arrangement in holds to be checked and any damaged or not workingÂÂ   ones to be replaced (MCA, 2016) Fire detection extinguishing system should be checked (STC, 2017) A thorough hold inspection to be carried out (PI, 2002) Crew should wear helmets, gloves, boiler suits, dust masks and gum boots at all time during cleaning process ,safety harness to be used when working aloft in the holds (MCA, 2016) DB tanks to be pressed to check if any leaks in the holds. Discharging of hold washing water should be carried out in accordance with MARPOL Annex V regulation 4.1.3 6.1.2 (IMO, 2011) Test entries to be logged down (STC, 2017) Any special requirements by the terminal, owners or flag state for hold preparation should be carried out. ADDITIONAL PREPARATION FOR SULPHUR CARGO Fresh water washing of holds to be carried out. (PI, 2002) (IMO, 2016) Fire line to be rinsed using fresh water from fresh water tanks using a GS pump. Once the line is flushed make sure that the anchor wash and all fire hydrants are shut (PI, 2002) Holds and bilges to be completely dry before loading (IMO, 2016) Electric equipments in holds nearby spaces should be intrinsically safe or if not then they should be isolated (IMO, 2016) Ventilators Spark arrestors to be inspected repaired if required (IMO, 2016) Bilge pumping arrangement shall be inspected for satisfactory operation lime washing should be done on tank top and lower sections of cargo spaces (IMO, 2016) Upper part of the hold shall have a sound coating of paint, if any paint has been pilled off then that area shall be painted (IMO, 2016) Any loos corrosion shall be removed (IMO, 2016) Machinery and equipments to be covered to protect it from small sulphur dust particles (IMO, 2016) ANSWER HAZARDS OF RAW SUGAR AND SULPHUR RAW SUGAR Sugar dissolve when comes in contact with water, this may result in formation of air pockets in the body of the cargo as the ship moves (IMO, 2016) (PI, SEPT 2006) It has a tendency of self heating/spontaneous combustion. It should be loaded well clear of places having source of ignition or heat Sugar has the tendency to absorb order (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Raw sugar gets contaminated (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Shrinkage or shortage of cargo due to loss of water vapour (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) InsectÂÂ   may be formed in sugar which can lead to diseases (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Sugar ifÂÂ   melted may form sticky syrup like form (PI, SEPT 2006) Raw sugar has a distinct molasses smell that will spoil other cargoes (Thomas, n.d.) Raw sugar has a higher moisture than refined (Thomas, n.d.) SULPHUR Flammable and may have dust explosion during loading and unloading If catches fire emits harmful gases It reacts with sea water and produces corrosive acids and suffocating gases Sometime of granule sulphur behaves like grain which may result in shifting of cargo Dry sulphur does not react with bare steel, but wet sulphur (sulphur containing free water) is potentially highly corrosive (PI, 2002) When sulphur is loaded, any retained free water filters to the bottom of the holds during the voyage From there it is pumped out via the bilges (PI, 2002) Person may get a burning sensation in eyesÂÂ   when loading sulphur PRECAUTIONS WHEN LOADING AND DISCHARGING RAW SUGAR IN BULK Should be loaded away from the source of heat. NO SMOKING near the area of loading sugar (PI, SEPT 2006) The ships hold should be cleaned well before loading and should be free from any odour Proper PPE to be worn by crew at all the time Dust clouds should not be formed during loading Temperature and moisture contains of sugar to be monitored during loading and carriage and if required ventilation should be carried out to avoid caking Fermentation may result in formation of CO2 gas. Holds must be ventilated before entry and atmosphere to be checked (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Loading operation should not be carried out in case of rain Care must be taken to make sure that hot sugar is not loaded into a bulk carrier intended to sail through cold waters to its discharging port, as change in temperature establish within a cargo can result in moisture transfer, and this in turn can cause caking of the cargo (Thomas, n.d.) PRECAUTIONS WHEN LOADING AND DISCHARGING SULPHUR IN BULK Smoking and hot work shall not be permitted in cargo spaces and nearby area All spaces and storerooms adjacent to the cargo area should be properly ventilated and proper precautions should be taken when entering in cargo hold and atmosphere should be monitored A fine spray ofÂÂ   fresh water is used to keep the dust down The loader should be positioned properly to avoid formation of dust clouds Loading operation should not be carried out in case of heavy rain Proper trimming of cargo to be done Surface ventilation must be carried out as required duringÂÂ   the voyage Face mask and eye protection should be worn at all times Lime washing of the tank top to be carried out cargo holds and bilges do be completely dry to prevent corrosion The upper part of the hold should be painted and pilled of paint should be repainted to avoid corrosion (IMO, 2016) Protect the machinery and equipments from small dust particles of sulphur (IMO, 2016) If sulphur catches fire, it should be smothered with more sulphur or with a very fine spray of fresh water not salt water (Thomas, n.d.) There is danger of dust explosion with powdered sulphur during loading and whilst cleaning the holds of sulphur (Thomas, n.d.) The shipper is required to provided the information regarding the cargo to be loaded as per SOLAS 1974 Chapter VI Reg 2 and the IMSBC Code section 4.2. Shipper may deliver this declaration by fax or other electronic device. In any electronic device where the signature of the declaring party cannot be transmitted full name of the declarant in capital letters must be provided on the form (STC, 2017) Cargo information shall be confirmed in written and by suitable shipping document before loading (IMO, 2016) Document should contain following information. The BCSN (IMO, 2016) The group of cargo (IMO, 2016) IMO class of the cargo (IMO, 2016) The UN number if applicable (IMO, 2016) The total quantity of cargo to load (IMO, 2016) The stowage factor (IMO, 2016) If trimming required and the procedures for trimming (IMO, 2016) Angle of repose (IMO, 2016) If the cargo has a likelihood of shifting (IMO, 2016) Moisture content certificate (IMO, 2016) Transportable moisture limit value (IMO, 2016) If the cargo may form a wet base (IMO, 2016) Toxic or flammable gases emittedÂÂ   by the cargo (IMO, 2016) Flammability ,toxicity, corrosiveness of the cargo (IMO, 2016) Self heating properties of the cargo if any (IMO, 2016) Gases emitted if in contact with water if applicable (IMO, 2016) If the cargo has any radioactive properties (IMO, 2016) And other information required by the national authorities (IMO, 2016) Whether the cargo is harmful to the marine environment (IMO, 2016) Shipper details (STC, 2017) Transport document number (STC, 2017) Means of transport (STC, 2017) Place of loading (STC, 2017) Port of discharging (STC, 2017) Additional certificate like weathering certificate ,exemption certificate if applicable (STC, 2017) Human health criteria data (STC, 2017) To obtain the information require by the section 4 of IMSBC code the shipper need to get the cargo properly sampled and tested (IMO, 2016) When water is found cargo holds loaded with bulk cargo there are a many reasons and each should be taken into account (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) The water may be given out by the cargo or there is a leak in hatch covers. It may have entered through any access hatch or an open sounding pipe. Water may have sipped in through a crack in the deck or the hatch coming or through a damaged ventilator (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) Ship staffs should have an accurate idea of the capacity of the hold bilge wells i.e. the greatest value are the sounding of the bilge when full and the approximate tonnage of water contained by the bilge when full (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) Aboard a ship which is well maintained the possible cause for an increased hold bilge sounding is that water has drained from the cargo into the bilge. When water is drain from the cargo there are two key requirements. The water must be pumped out of the bilge and not allowed to flood the hold, and the tonnage of water removed must be logged. It is advisable to keep a record of the tonnage of water discharged from the hold bilges, as recommended by the UN Draught Survey Code24 and in some trades it is a charter party requirement (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) When soundings are found to be rising for no reason a problem must be suspected and the hold must be investigated for a leak. The accessibility to the hold will depend upon the quantity of cargo, speed of flooding, shifting cargo and dangerous gases. If the hold can be safely entered, taking all precaution for enclosed space entry it may be possible to find an explanation for the flooding. If the hold cannot be entered, a careful exterior inspection of the compartment in search for any fitting which is improperly closed or damaged. If the sounding is found to increase whenever the vessel ships water on deck, a leak at deck level should be suspected. If the flooding continues at the same rate, or an increasing rate, at all times it suggests that the damage is below water level (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) FOLLOWING ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT Firstly find out the amount of water in the hold and the root cause of water ingress Carry out a risk assessment of the situation Check the sounding of the bilges ballast tanks ,fuel oil tanks, void spaces etc No cargo operation to be carried out in hold No1 until total assessment of situation carried out Stability of the ship to be checked If entry in hold is to be done then ventilate the holds and work permit to be issued Inform the terminal about the damage Calculate the total amount of cargo damaged Make a log book entry of all the events Make sure all man holds nut bolts full tight and gasket in good condition Check comings, booby hatch entrance and deck plaiting for leakage Make sure all the bilge valves are properly shut Do not allow anyone to take pictures of the hold without permission If cargo damage is found, contact PI correspondents and ask them to arrangement of a survey. Following information to be given to correspondents:- name of the vessel, date of the incident ,place of the incident , cargo particulars, quantity of damaged cargo, amount of the damage, location of cargo, bill of lading no, loading port, loaded quantity ,cause of the damage, contact details of the agent ETA/ETD of the vessel (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Try to control further damage by taking all possible measures for lessening of damage unless such would involve a risk to the vessels safety (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Take photos of the damaged cargo and the suspected causes (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Log book entries like, sea conditions, weather and wind force (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Sea protest should be filed at next calling port, if the damage was caused by bad weather (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Make sure all time delays have been logged FOLLOWING PERSONS TO BE INFORMED Owners Charters and sub charters Manager Local agents Vessels insurance club e.g. PI DPA Technical superintendent of the ship Terminal Class of the vessel OTHER REFRENCES (Swedishclub, 2013) (PI, 2017) (WEST OF ENGLAND , n.d.)Q10 PROCEDURE FOR MAINTAINING THE CARGO LIFTING PLAN Regular maintenance should be carried out in order to keep the equipment in good order (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016) Inspection of the equipments should be carried out by a competent person. It should be carried out as required by the Regulations but in any event at least once annually (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016) Check for defects like cracks, corrosion and wear and tear that could affect SWL (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016) If in doubt about the equipment has , exceeding the Safe Working Load (SWL), or subjected to treatment likely to cause damage, it should be removed of service till a competent person carries out an examination (MCA, 2016) (MCA, 2006) Regular greasing of equipments to be carried out (MCA, 2006) The condition of all ropes and chains should be checked regularly and damaged once to be replaced .Shackles, links and rings should be renewed if damaged (MCA, 2006) Examine the structure for any damages (MCA, 2016) There should not be any trapped water inside the Gantries (MCA, 2016) Limit switch, stop botton, controls and brakes to be checked on regular basis (MCA, 2016) Makers specific parts to be used if any parts are to be replaced. Once any maintenance is done the equipment should be examined by a competent person before using it (MCA, 2016) Cranes: The annual inspections and periodical thorough examination shall be carried out. Inspection and maintenance should be carried out as per the Planned Maintenance schedule (PIUK, n.d.) The following things shall be inspected for signs of deformation, corrosion, cracks, etc Crane Jibs Winch and the foundation of the winch. Goose neck, blocks, shackles, hooks, spider bands etc Marking on the gear should be checked and clearly visible locking arrangements of all shackles and blocks to be inspected lubrication of all the parts should be carried out as per the lubrication plan in plan maintenance system All wires shall be inspected for any damages Hydraulic systems to be inspected for proper functioning Blocks: Annual inspection of blocks to be carried out. Responsible Ships officer should carry out periodic inspection of the blocks on a periodical basis. Carry out the inspection and maintenance as per the PMS (PIUK, n.d.) Following checks to be carried out Check for free movement of sheave heads and swivel Check grooves on sheave for wear and tear Check if any distortion or damage on side plate. Check for any play in the axel pin Check that the thread of the pin is in good order . Check split pin and Grease nipples and markings should not be painted . Lubrication to be carried out as per the lubrication chart Slings:(PIUK, n.d.) Slings should be annually inspected Responsible Officer should inspect it before use Periodic inspection should be carried out a per PMS During these inspections the following shall be checked:- Check if any broken strands, kinks and corrosion. Check rings, thimbles, for damages, deformity and corrosion. Slings should not be used if any signs of damage Lubrication as per the manufacturers Check the tags on sling and compare it with the certificate. A sling without a tag should not Wires: Wire ropes should be inspected regularly and replaced if stands broken, kinked, worn, or corroded. They should be lubricated and renewed as per the PMS Reference (MCA, 2016) (MCA, 2006) (STC, 2017) (PIUK, n.d.)

William Gibson’s Neuromancer: the Creation of a Language :: Essays Papers

William Gibson’s Neuromancer: the Creation of a Language Published in 1984, Gibson’s Neuromancer, with its vision of technological and impersonal life in the twenty-first century, echoes George Orwell’s ironic commentary on the controlling and dehumanising bureaucracy associated with post-war society. Writing in an era when technological and scientific advances are increasingly prominent, often to the detriment of humanity, Gibson differs from other science fiction writers in that he uses existing contemporary themes and issues, forecasting a possible and believable future and simultaneously providing a commentary on late twentieth-century society which his audience can relate to. His version of this not-so-distant future stems from an observation of contemporary post-colonial society in which national identity is shown to be insignificant, as uniformity reigns supreme. Speaking of the influences on his fiction, he states: I see myself as a kind of literary collage-artist, and sf as a marketing framework that allows me to gleefully ransack the whole fat supermarket of 20th century cultural symbols (Maddox, Tom. â€Å"Cobra, She Said: An Interim Report on the Fiction of William Gibson.† Fantasy Review 4: April 1986, 46- 8). Through the novel Gibson was responsible for creating the terms â€Å"virtual reality† and â€Å"cyberspace†, and in an increasingly computer literate age these terms would be adopted by a generation of users, becoming an independent and universal language. Within the novel cyberspace is described as a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts... A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. (Gibson, William. Neuromancer, 67). As technology has advanced with inventions such as the Internet and computer simulated images, the possibility of existing within this alternative world has become a reality. Therefore it can be argued that Gibson’s futuristic vision has in fact been realized, within a few years of the novel’s publication, and reinforces the view put forward by Maddox: â€Å"If the 20th century has a distinct narrative voice, this is it† (Maddox. Fantasy Review, 46-8). Gibson addresses global concerns with his depiction of advances in technology leading to the computer becoming an independent life form. Despite the intentions of those responsible for creating this technology, it is this artificial intelligence which triumphs at the end of the novel. Echoing the viewpoint of Jean Baudrillard, who believes that reality is shown to be irrelevant in contemporary society due primarily to technological advances, the simulated world of cyberspace is shown to offer individuals greater possibilities and rewards than the harsh reality ever could.